Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine /
Suzanne M. Kurtz, Jonathan Silverman, Juliet Draper
- Second edition
- xiv, 367 pages ; 25 cm
lncludes index
Forewords vii Preface xi About this book xv About the authors xvi Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 (10) Part I An overview of communication skills teaching and learning 11 (94) 1 The 'why': a rationale for communication skills teaching and learning 13 (16) Introduction 13 (1) Why teach communication skills? 14 (6) Can you teach and learn communication skills? 20 (5) Is the prize on offer to doctors and their patients worth the effort? 25 (4) 2 The 'what': defining what we are trying to teach and learn 29 (28) Introduction 29 (1) Why facilitators and programme directors need help with knowing what to teach 30 (2) Types of communication skills and how they interrelate 32 (4) The problem of separating content and process skills in teaching and learning about the medical interview 33 (3) An overall curriculum of doctor-patient communication skills 36 (13) The Calgary-Cambridge Observation Guide 36 (2) The enhanced Calgary-Cambridge Guides 38 (11) The need for a clear overall structure 49 (2) Choosing the process skills to include in the communication curriculum 51 (4) Summary 55 (2) 3 The 'how': principles of how to teach and learn communication skills 57 (20) Introduction 57 (1) Why take a skills-based approach to communication teaching and learning? 58 (5) Which teaching and learning methods work in practice? 63 (1) Why use experiential learning methods? 63 (9) Why use a problem-based approach to communication skills teaching? 72 (4) What place is there for more didactic teaching methods? 76 (1) 4 Choosing and using appropriate teaching methods 77 (28) Introduction 77 (1) Choosing appropriate teaching methods 77 (2) Using methods from the left half of the methods continuum 79 (3) Introducing cognitive material into the curriculum 80 (2) Using methods from the right half of the methods continuum 82 (27) Audio and video feedback 83 (2) Real patients 85 (3) Simulated patients 88 (12) Role play 100 (5) Part 2 Communication skills teaching and learning in practice 105 (104) 5 Analysing interviews and giving feedback in experiential teaching sessions 109 (22) Introduction 109 (1) Carrying out analysis and feedback in communication skills teaching sessions 109 (13) Conventional rules of feedback 110 (3) Agenda-led outcome-based analysis of the consultation 113 (9) Phrasing feedback effectively in communication skills teaching sessions 122 (9) 6 Running a session: facilitating communication skills teaching in different learning contexts 131 (24) Introduction 131 (1) Agenda-led outcome-based analysis in practice 132 (17) Examples of how to use agenda-led outcome-based analysis in different contexts 133 (16) 'In-the-moment' teaching in the clinic or at the bedside 149 (6) 7 Running a session: facilitation tools to maximise participation and learning 155 (30) Introduction 155 (1) Relating facilitation to communication with patients 155 (2) Strategies for maximising participation and learning 157 (13) Strategies for dealing with difficulties 170 (15) 8 Running a session: introducing research and theory; expanding and consolidating learning 185 (24) Introduction 185 (1) An overview: how to introduce didactic teaching and expand and consolidate experience and discussion 186 (4) Practical suggestions for introducing theory and research evidence and consolidating learning 190 (19) Part 3 Constructing a communication skills curriculum 209 (96) 9 Principles of designing communication skills curricula 213 (20) Introduction 213 (1) A conceptual framework for systematic communication training 214 (2) How do we ensure that learners not only master an increasing range of skills but also retain and use them over time? 216 (3) How do we select and organise the content of our communication programmes? 219 (7) How do we select appropriate methods for each component of the communication programme? 226 (1) How do we integrate communication with other clinical skills and the rest of the curriculum? 226 (7) 10 Specific issues of communication curriculum design at different levels of medical education 233 (20) Introduction 233 (1) Undergraduate medical education 233 (6) Residency and continuing medical education 239 (9) How do we co-ordinate the communication curriculum across all levels of medical education? 248 (5) 11 Assessing learners' communication skills 253 (22) Introduction 253 (1) Formative and summative assessment 254 (3) What are we trying to assess? 257 (1) Characteristics of assessment instruments 258 (5) What form should assessments take? 263 (5) What formats are available for feedback from both formative and summative evaluations? 268 (4) Who does the actual assessments? 272 (3) 12 Enhancing faculty development for communication skills teaching 275 (16) Introduction 275 (1) Why is training for facilitators so important? 276 (1) Enhancing facilitators' skills 277 (11) How do we maximise the status and reward of undertaking such teaching? 288 (3) 13 Constructing a curriculum: the wider context 291 (14) Introduction 291 (1) Promoting the further development and acceptance of communication curricula within medical education 291 (6) Looking to the future: where next? 297 Appendices Appendix 1 Example of a communication curriculum 305 (10) Appendix 2 The two-guide format of the Calgary-Cambridge Process Guide 315 (8) Appendix 3 A protocol for writing simulated patient cases 323 (6) Appendix 4 Sample OSCE marking sheets 329 (6) Appendix 5 Medical skills evaluation: communication process skills 335 (2) Appendix 6 Notes on using the Calgary-Cambridge Guides 337 (2) References 339 (20) Index 359 (6) Author index 365
A fully updated & revised edition that reflects recent developments in theoretical & conceptual approaches to communication in healthcare
9781857756586
Interpersonal communication Study and teaching Physician and patient Study and teaching